| 2D Cabinet X-Ray Inspection System |
Electronic assemblies, castings, welds, connectors, batteries, and laboratory samples. |
Small to medium parts; commonly up to approximately 500 × 500 × 500 mm, depending on the chamber. |
Approximately 90–225 kV for many general-purpose configurations. |
Flat-panel or line-based digital detector; real-time radiography with image enhancement and measurement tools. |
Manual or semi-automatic: approximately 20–120 parts per hour. |
Commonly about 80–200 μm, depending on geometry, magnification, material, and detector type. |
Enclosed cabinet, interlocked doors, warning indicators, emergency stop, and radiation leakage testing are normally required. |
Confirm chamber dimensions, maximum part weight, electrical frequency, local radiation regulations, software language, and operator training requirements. |
| Inline Conveyor X-Ray System |
High-volume inspection of food, pharmaceutical products, packaged goods, batteries, and industrial components. |
Product dimensions are defined by conveyor width, tunnel height, and package spacing; often suitable for compact to medium products. |
Approximately 80–180 kV for many packaged-product applications; higher energy may be used for dense components. |
High-speed line-scan or area detector with automatic reject, recipe management, and defect classification. |
Typically 60–300 products per minute, subject to product size, line speed, and inspection criteria. |
Often about 0.4–1.0 mm for packaged-product inspection; finer performance depends on product and setup. |
Shielded tunnel, guarded access, fail-safe reject mechanism, radiation monitoring, and hygienic design may be required. |
Check conveyor height, belt material, ingress protection, washdown requirements, reject validation, data export, and integration with existing line controls. |
| High-Energy X-Ray System |
Large castings, thick weldments, pressure vessels, heavy machinery, steel, and dense composite structures. |
Medium to large components; usable size depends strongly on material thickness and source-to-object geometry. |
Approximately 225–450 kV for many industrial applications; accelerator-based systems can be substantially higher. |
Digital detector, flat-panel detector, or computed radiography; designed for greater penetration through dense materials. |
Usually manual or batch-based; approximately 5–40 inspections per hour depending on part size and exposure time. |
Commonly about 150–500 μm, with penetration capability generally prioritized over very fine detail. |
Requires engineered radiation shielding, controlled access, interlocks, dosimetry procedures, and regulatory approval where applicable. |
Evaluate shielding design, site construction, power supply, cooling, floor loading, service access, local licensing, and transport restrictions. |
| Computed Tomography System |
Three-dimensional inspection of internal porosity, cracks, inclusions, wall thickness, assembly errors, and complex geometry. |
Small to medium parts are most common; practical size and density depend on the X-ray source, detector, and required voxel size. |
Approximately 90–450 kV for industrial CT, with higher-energy configurations available for dense or larger parts. |
360-degree projections reconstructed into volumetric data; supports sectional views, dimensional analysis, and defect localization. |
Typically 1–30 parts per hour; scan time varies with resolution, material density, and reconstruction settings. |
Typical voxel size ranges from approximately 10–200 μm; achievable detail is application-dependent. |
Fully enclosed systems normally include interlocks, shielding, radiation indicators, emergency stops, and controlled software access. |
Compare usable field of view, maximum part density, scan time, reconstruction software, metrology capability, data storage, and computing hardware. |
| Microfocus X-Ray System |
Semiconductors, printed circuit boards, solder joints, wire bonds, micro-electronics, and small precision components. |
Small parts or selected regions of larger assemblies; commonly used where high geometric magnification is beneficial. |
Approximately 40–160 kV, depending on the target material and penetration requirement. |
Microfocus source with small focal spot and digital detector; supports high-magnification imaging of fine features. |
Generally manual or automated batch inspection: approximately 10–100 parts per hour. |
Approximately 1–20 μm in suitable applications; actual image quality depends on focal spot, geometry, motion, and material. |
Shielded cabinet, door interlocks, leakage verification, warning lamps, and documented operating procedures are normally required. |
Verify focal-spot specifications under actual operating power, detector pixel size, magnification range, sample positioning, and software measurement tools. |
| Portable or Mobile X-Ray System |
On-site weld inspection, field maintenance, pipelines, tanks, bridges, and large structures that cannot be moved easily. |
Large or fixed assets; inspection area is determined by source-to-object distance and detector size. |
Approximately 160–300 kV for many field radiography tasks; application requirements may vary significantly. |
Digital detector or computed radiography plate; designed for flexible positioning rather than fully automated inspection. |
Usually several exposures per hour, depending on setup, access, material thickness, and safety clearance. |
Often about 100–500 μm, depending on detector, geometry, exposure conditions, and required code sensitivity. |
Requires exclusion zones, trained and authorized personnel, radiation surveys, dosimetry, controlled access, and applicable local permits. |
Check total weight, battery operation, environmental rating, detector robustness, calibration, transport packaging, and country-specific radiation rules. |
| Automated Robotic X-Ray Cell |
Repeatable inspection of castings, automotive components, aerospace parts, welds, and complex assemblies. |
Small to large parts, subject to robot reach, enclosure size, fixture capacity, and source-detector geometry. |
Approximately 160–450 kV, selected according to material thickness and defect sensitivity. |
Robot-controlled source and detector positioning with programmed views, digital image acquisition, and automated analysis options. |
Approximately 10–80 parts per hour, depending on the number of views, part handling, and inspection complexity. |
Approximately 50–300 μm for many industrial applications; application validation is essential. |
Requires a complete guarded cell, safety-rated controls, interlocks, emergency stops, access monitoring, and documented risk assessment. |
Evaluate robot payload and reach, fixture repeatability, cycle-time validation, PLC communication, service capability, spare parts, and acceptance testing. |
